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Developer- James Gosling

• Java is a computer programming language which helps to implement different applications in web and Mobile platform.
• Java is one of the most popular programming language using by developers.
• It is Concurrent, Class-based, Object oriented and, Specifically designed to have few implementation dependencies as possible.
• The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling’s office. Later the project went by the name Green and was finally renamed Java, from Java coffee.

• Java programming language has a set of large and standard class libraries, and some of them are very well written.
• Java has simplified Syntax as compare to the C++.
• It is good portable, Explicit Interface, simplified and, Machine Independent programming language.

• There are some bugs while running java in JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
• In some cases the class libraries are poorly written.
• There is a poor garbage collection in some implementations or in applications.

Developer- Chris Lattner & Apple

• Swift is a parallel scripting language use to develop an applications for iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS and Linux.
• Swift developed by Apple inc. Used for general purpose, has multi-paradigm and well-compiled programming language.
• Swift can execute on Cocoa and Cocoa Touch platforms.
• Swift inspired by different languages and took an idea from Object-C, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU and few more.

• Swift is very easier to read and write as it uses a less code to perform the same tasks as compare to Objective-C.
• The outcome product by Swift is future proofed an can extend with new features. Thus, swift projects are easier to scale.
• Swift increases the safety and performance of project and decreases the memory footprint.
• Swift allows to manage the memory automatically and provides supports to the all apple devices.

• Few developers think that swift language is a quite young for the development.
• Swift language is currently considered as a unstable language as it is newer in the market and needs few updated.

Developer- Netscape Communications Corporation, Mozilla Foundation & Ecma International

• Java script is a High-level interpreted language which is characterized by dynamic, weakly typed, prototype based and, multi paradigm programming language.
• JavaScript supports to the programming styles like event-driven, functional, and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based).
• Java script has an API to integrate working with text, arrays, dates, regular expressions, and basic manipulation of the DOM, but the language itself does not include any I/O.
• The Inputs such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

• Java script is simple language for learning and Implementation.
• Java script know a faster as it can be run immediately with in the client side browsing. It also don’t need be compiled on the client side which helps to improve its speed.
• Java script can be use everywhere in the web which defines its popularity.
• Java script is versatile language as it can be use in a many ways through Node.js server.

• Java script can be exploited for malicious purpose in some cases of client side hence it has some security issues.
• In Java script there are some browser support issues are encountered where as server side scripts always produce the same output, client side scripts is bit unpredictable.

Developer-Microsoft

• C# is a general purpose programming languages which follows strong typing imperative, declarative, generic, functional, component oriented and object oriented programming disciplines.
• C# is in the queue of languages which is designed for the common Language infrastructure.
• The intention behind developing this language is its simplicity, modernness, general purpose and object oriented terms.

• Code of C# is as similar to the C programme.
• C# helps while learning harder programming language.
• The most of the examples we see for .Net are mostly in C#..
• C# is most preferable language by the programmers.

• It is not a good language for fresh learners.
• C# is a case sensitive language as it makes confusion if there is miss match between even in alphabets.
• C# is not completely same as VB.Net as it makes issues while converting C#.net in to VB.Net.

Developer-Bjarne Stroustrup

• C++ is a general purpose programming language which has the imperative, object oriented and generic programming features.
• C++ provides the facility like Low-level memory manipulation.
• C++ language is standardize by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and ISO releases the latest ratified version in last year December 2017.

• It is a very popular language and compatible with many compilers and libraries.
• C++ is a powerful language as any kind of programme can be create varies from low level to system programming up to complicated GUI’s.
• It is very similar to the C, C# and, Java.
• C# is most preferable language by the programmers.
• C++ takes less time to execute which shows it’s fast executability.

• In most of cases it is unsafe language. It does no boundary checks on array and allows the improper conversation.
• C++ allows very low memory management which forcing programmers to do it themselves.
• There is a lack of custom operations, lack of algebraic data types and complexities in the language.

• Objective-C is a general purpose object oriented language which is the updated version of C programming language with the features added like smalltalk-style messaging.
• Objective-C is mainly used for the development of macOS and iOS operating systems by Apple.
• Objective-C is known as well updated and mature language which can be use for the development applications and operating Systems.
• Objective-C is a thin layer atop C and is a “Strict Superset” of C, which means c programme can be compile using objective-C compiler

• It is used my most of developers because of it’s best coding style.
• There are lot of legacy codes which are included in objective-c to support the code.
• If developer using C++ in the swift code then developer should have to wrap it up in Objective-C then import that in Swift.

• Objective-C is not supporting to the new features arrived as swift overcomes on this drawback.
• Objective-C have longer code which is inconvenient to save a development time.

Developer-Jet Brians & Opensource Contributers

• Kotlin is statically typed programming language supporting to the Java virtual machine (JVM) and also can be compile with JavaScript source code.
• Kotlin has full support from Google to use an Android OS, and the IDE’s installation packages can be directly include as an alternative to the Standard Java Compiler.
• Kotlin follows aggressive interference which determines the value and expressions in the programme if they are not clearly states.
• The name given to this language from Kotlin island, near St. Petersburg same as name given to the Java from the Indonasian island Java.

• Kotlin has capability to increase the team efficiency because of it’s syntax which is very concise and perceptive.
• Kotlin can be easily compile with existing java code.
• Kotline supports different IDE’s including Android studio and SDk toolkit which helps to increase developer’s productivity.
• Kotlin Code is so easy and clear, hence there is less bugs find in the code.

• Kotlin is still a new language so developer have think before they choose it for development.
• Sometime Kotlin gets slower.
• Kotlin has limited resources of learning.

• Python is an interpreted high-level programming language which is used for general purpose programming.
• Python has some design philosophy which forces code readability, specially using convincing white space.
• The python interpreters can be available for many operating systems.
• Python is an open source software which has a community based development model.

• Python is very easy to develop and even a novice developer can do a lot of things just by looking at the code which is so simple to learn.
• Python Supports multiple systems and platforms.
• Python has huge set of frameworks which makes programming so flexible.

• Python execution time is very slowly.
• It is not good language for mobile app development.
• For memory intensive task python should not be a good choice.
• Python has some drawbacks with data access.

• HTML is Hypertext Markup Language owed for structuring and presenting the content on World Wide Web(WWW/ Internet).
• HTML5 means it is a 5th Vesion of HTML standard which comes with the new feature in it like rich media support, creating an attractive web application which can easily interact with user’s local data and server.
• HTML5 recently becomes popular in development of attractive web pages and mobile applications.
• HTML5 has CANVAS elements in it which can be used for lot of things in embedded applications like dynamic graphics, online/offline games, animations, interactive audio and video.

• HTML5 helps for embedded Audio and videos.
• HTML5 provides more descriptive and improved connotations in which developer can increase semantic value as code is standardize in HTML5.
• In HTML5 new features and standard are emerged already.

• HTML5 is not mostly used as it not supportive to all systems.
• When there is any customization like adding features and in iOS, Android or windows HTML5 make its own adjustments in the code so, the tools of iOS & Android application development platform goes behind the official SDK.
• It takes too much time to get mobile application ready because developer have to write a code for each platform.

• jQuerry is termed as a Cross platform Java script library which is designed to facilitate the client side scripting of HTML.
• jQuery syntax is arranged in an easier format to navigate the document, to select the Document Objective Model(DOM) elements, handle events, to create animations, and to create Ajax applications.
• The traversal and manipulation enabled by jQuery’s selector engine “Sizzle” to create a new programming style which fusing algorithms and DOM data structures.

• jQuery eliminates a lot of cross browser java script issues.
• The complicated java script operations can be performed in a little code by using jQuery.
• The Ajax functionality can be easily added by using jQuery.
• jQuery has its own UI and effect libraries as well.

• In jQuery it is overhead adding java script pages in the programme.
• For some developer it is bit hard to learn curve.

• SQL is stands for Structured Query Language which is domain specific language useful for programming and specially designed for stream processing in RDBMS.
• SQL is originally based in relational algebra and tuple relational calculus.
• SQL has scopes like Data query, data manipulation (insert, update & delete), data definition (Scheme creation & modification), and data access control.
• SQL was one of the first commercial language for relational model

• SQL is very useful to retrieve large amount of data for database quickly and efficiently.
• SQL database uses well established standard which are adopted by ANSI and ISO.
• There is no need of write Substantial amount of code to manage a database system.

• It is make complex in interfacing SQL database instead of writing new database code.
• Some databases go for proprietary extensions to standard SQL to ensure vendor lock-in, although SQL databases conform to ANSI & ISO standards.

• The Lua is a light-weight, multi-paradigm programming language mainly developed for embedded application.
• Lua is a cross-platform language as ANSI C is used for the interpreter and for API simple C language is used.
• Lua developers focused on improving speed, portability, extensibility and reliability of Lua language to make it perfect for embedded applications.
• The data-description/configuration languages SOL (Simple Object Language) and DEL (data-entry language) were the Lua’s predecessors.

• There is iteration time improvement while using Lua for gaming.
• Lua reduces API and lower learning curve.
• Lua is very helpful for error handling.

• It makes unpredictable GC.
• Sometimes it is higher overhead to keep large amount of data on Lua.
• There are some lacks of safety in Lua.

• Rust is a system programming language and sponsered by mozilla which is safe, Concurrent and practical language and supporting to the functional and imperative procedural paradigm.
• The syntax of Rust is much similar as C++ and designers are intended to provide safer memory and well Performance.
• While developing Rust the developers focused on its concurrency and safety of the system and creating and maintaining the boundaries which preserves large system integrity.

• In rust the errors can be catches at the time of compilation.
• It allows developers to write optimal code.
• Rust provides built in supports for concurrency.

• In rust the advance concepts are not being friendly.
• Few point regarding the mechanism which seems to be pointless for beginners.
• It is little hard and confusing to install on windows.

• Ruby is an object-oriented, dynamic, interpreted, reflective general purpose programming language.
• Ruby is influenced by some languages like, Perl, Effiel, Ada, Smalltalk
• Ruby Supports to the multiple programming paradigms, which are functional, object-oriented and imperative.

• Ruby has a dynamic type system.
• Ruby has automatic memory management.
• Ruby provides a standard structure for web apps and mobile apps.

• The run time speed of ruby is slow.
• In Ruby it can be hard to find good documentation.
• ActiveRadio is used heavily and dependency is hard for many RubyGems.

• Objective pascal is one the branch of Object-oriented derivatives of pascal.
• Object pascal is an extension of the pascal language
• Object pascal extension was implemented in Think pascal IDE which includes compiler and an editor with syntax highlighting and checking, a powerful debugger and class library.
• After the 4.01 version the development stopped because the company was bought by Symantec

• Object Pascal language is relatively easy to learn and understand because of its verbosity and easy Syntax.
• The tools required for pascal development are available almost on every platform.
• It’s Compiler is fast as compare to C or C++.

• Outside the niche it is difficult to find that which things to do with this language.
• In Object Pascal All variable, types, constants and functions must be declared at the starting of code.
• It contains some unnecessary syntax.

• QML stands for Qt Modeling language which allows user interface markup language.
• QML is a declarative language similar to the CSS and JSON which use for designing user interface-centric application.
• The QML elements can be augmented by Java script in both inline and by including java script files.
• There is a hierarchical object tree described in QML documentations.

• For mobile application development QML is a better language that any other alternative.
• QML has great library for material.

• In QML the Qt Quick controls are better nut they are just for styling purpose.
• It takes time to run to start up an app without Qt quick compiler it only comes with the commercial version of Qt QML.

• Scheme is multiple paradigm programming language which includes functional and imperative programming.
• The Scheme language is standardize in official standard IEEE.
• Scheme language is simple, easier to implement that many other language comparable expressive powers.
• Scheme supports first class procedures and uses strictly but dynamically typed variables.

• Scheme has a simple syntax.
• It is easy to learn.
• In Scheme functional programming can be done

• It can’t do low level operations.
• Language is not recommended to programming new bias.

• Action is an object oriented programming language which derivation of Hypertalk, the scripting language for HyperCard.
• It is useful for developing the websites and software targeting the Adobe flash player plat form used on Web pages.
• It is most suitable language to develop mobile application through Adobe Air which uses in some database, applications and basic robotics.

• Action Script 1.0 and 2.0 can be run on same machine.
• Action Script to officially support custom classes like (external text files structured in a particular way, using folders for class paths and the “class” keyword).

• To program with Action Script 3.0. flash Player 9 or higher is required.
• Need to keep things simple as it would be difficult to demonstrate.

• Scratch is a virtual programming language which was primarily targeted at children by online community.
• Scratch takes its name from disc jockey’s technique, as scratch lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound and other programs) in creative ways by “remixing” projects.
• Scratch language is used as the introductory language as creation of interesting programs is relatively easy in scratch, and skills learned can be applied to other basic programming languages like Python and Java.

• Scratch allows developers to integrate storytelling, games and animations.
• Scratch can be use by user’s age varying from elementary, high school to adult age users.

• Other user can copy your project.
• There are some lacks of training while creating project.
• While using scratch e-mail is required, under age user’s have to use the email of their parents.

• Boo is developed as an object-oriented, statically typed, general-purpose programming language.
• This is useful to make use of the Common Language Infrastructure’s support for Unicode, internationalization, and web applications.
• Boo basically is free software released under the BSD 3-Clause license.
• Boo is compatible with the Microsoft .NET and Mono frameworks

• Boo has clean syntax.
• Boo has few powerful extensible features.
• Boo has some features like First class functions, generators, closures and list comprehension.

• Boo is not as strong as the C++ and python language.
• Boo is not supported by unity Version-5 and above.
• It is not good language for most serious projects.